Livre Tournois
Livre tournois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In France, the livre tournois and the currency system based on it became a ... In 1577 the livre tournois accounting unit was officially abolished and ...
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Talk:Livre tournois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Livre tournois is within the scope of WikiProject France, an attempt to build a ... The term livre tournois lived on beyond its legal existence and the presence of ...
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livre - Search Results - MSN Encarta
Africa : sports and recreation: luta livre wrestling " ... Livre tournois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The livre tournois (" Tours pound") was: one of ...
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Isles of France and Bourbon Paper Money
P.1 6 Livres Tournois ND(1879) P.6 2 Livres 10 Sous Tournois 10.6.1788. P.8 10 Livres Tournois dated 10.6.1788. P.12a 500 lIvres Tournois 10.6.1788 ...
numismondo.com
Livre Turnois Currency of France, History, Biography and Background ...
Livre Turnois Currency of France, History, Biography and Background, French ... In France, the livre tournois and the currency system based on it became a ...
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Oregon Coin Clubs - Articles - Mississippibubble.com
... for one hundred livre tournois of the Banque Royale ... So how much was a hundred livre tournois? ... In the 1680's that was equal to one livre tournois. ...
oregoncoinclubs.org
The Travels of Marco Polo - Volume 2 eBook, page 562
The Travels of Marco Polo - Volume 2 eBook, page 562. The Travels of Marco ... The LIVRE TOURNOIS of the period may be taken, on the mean of five valuations ...
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Armorial of Arms from the Livre de Tournois by Rene of Anjou
The "Livre de Tournois" (Book of the Tourney) was written (or dictated) by King ... In later edition of the Livre de Tournois some arms have been added or changed. ...
www.s-gabriel.org
Royal Financial Records Concerning Payments for Twenty-Seven ...
concerning payments totaling 5,711 livres-Tournois given out to contingents in the portion of ... projectile-troops and 80 foot soldiers, 340 livres-Tournois. ...
primary-sources-series.joan-of-arc-studies.org
Money and Prices
Money and Prices for mid to late 1300's France ... to make them into regional currencies for persona reasons, the livre tournois is ...
www.maisonstclaire.org
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The livre tournois ("Tours Pound (currency)") was:
Circulating currency The denier tournois coin was initially minted by the abbey of Saint Martin in the Tours region of France. Soon after Philip II of France seized the counties of Anjou and Tours in 1203 and standardized the use of the livre tournois there, the livre tournois began to supersede the livre parisis (Paris pound) which had been up to that point the official coin of the Capetian dynasty.
The livre tournois was, in common with the original French livre of Charlemagne, divided into 20 solidus (coin) (sous after 1715), each of which was divided into 12 French denier.
Between 1360 and 1641, coins worth one livre tournois were minted, known as French franc (the name coming from the inscription "Johannes Dei Gratia Francorum Rex", "Jean, by the grace of God, King of the French"). Other francs were minted under Charles V of France, Henry III of France and Henry IV of France. The use of the name "franc" became a synonym for livre tournois in accounting.
The first French paper money, issued between 1701 and 1720, was denominated in livres tournois (see "Standard Catalog of World Paper Money", Albert Pick). This was the last time the name was used officially, as later notes and coins were denominated simply in livres, the livre parisis having finally been abolished in 1667.
Accounting currency With many forms of domestic and international currency (with different weights, purities and quality) circulating throughout Europe in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, the use of an accounting currency became a financial necessity. In the world of international banking of the 13th century, it was the florin and ducat which were often used. In France, the livre tournois and the currency system based on it became a standard monetary unit of accounting and continued to be used even when the "livre tournois" ceased to exist as an actual coin.
The official use of the livre tournois accounting unit in all contracts in France was legislated in 1549, but it had been one of the standard units of accounting in France since the 13th century. In 1577 the livre tournois accounting unit was officially abolished and accountants switched to the écu, which was at that time the major French gold coin in actual circulation, but in 1602 the livre tournois accounting unit was brought back. (A monetary unit of accounting based on the livre parisis continued to be used for minor uses in and around Paris and was not officially abolished until 1667 by Louis XIV of France).
Since coins in Europe in the Middle Ages and the Early modern period (the French écu (coin), Louis (coin), teston d'argent, denier, double, franc; the Spanish doubloon, pistole, Spanish real; the Italian florin, ducat or sequin (coin); the German thaler; the Dutch gulden, etc.) did not have any indication of their value, their official value was determined by royal edicts. In cases of financial need, French kings could use the official value for currency devaluation. This could be done in two ways: (1) the amount of precious metal in a newly minted French coin could be reduced while nevertheless maintaining the old value in livres tournois or (2) the official value of a domestic or foreign coin in circulation could be increased. By reversing these techniques, currencies could be reinforced.
For example:
- the worth of an écu d'or, a French gold coin, was changed from 60 sols to 57 sols in 1573.
- to curb increasing use of the Spanish real, its official worth was decreased to 4 sols 2 deniers in the 1570s.
Royal finance officers faced many difficulties. In addition to currency speculation, forgery and the intentional shaving of precious metal from coins (which was harshly punished), they had the difficult problem of setting values for gold, silver, copper and billon coins, responding to the often large influx of foreign coin and the appearance of inferior foreign coins of intentionally similar design. For more on these issues, see Monetary policy and Gresham's Law.
See also
- French livre
- Livre parisis (Paris pound)
- French franc
- Louis (coin)
- Luxembourgish livre
- Écu (coin)
- Roman currency